Structural steel is a metal used for building materials. Fundamentally, it is defined as optimizing the steel used for building construction - different from steel that may be used for engineering tools, or stainless steel that is commonly used for kitchen surfaces and appliances. Structural steel is usually carbon steel, which means that its chemical composition contains both iron and carbon. Structural steel is any type of steel whose carbon content does not exceed 2.1% of its total weight. The higher the carbon content, the higher the yield strength of the steel - which means that it is less ductile, or less likely to bend or warp under pressure.
How does carbon content affect steel?
One might think that construction steel should have a relatively high carbon content because it is unlikely to bend under pressure. However, low carbon steel, also known as "low carbon steel", is actually the most commonly used steel in building materials. It usually contains 0.04% to 0.3% carbon, making it strong and ductile. Steel structure buildings, especially high-rise steel structure buildings, should be both solid and flexible. Too rigid buildings cannot adapt to the natural changes of the earth, which may be caused by adjacent buildings or even earthquakes, and they cannot bend in the strong wind. For this reason, medium and high carbon steels with a carbon content between 0.31% and 1.5%, although technically considered as structural steels, are generally reserved for mechanical engineering and tool manufacturing. Other grades of structural steel may contain other alloying elements, such as tungsten, zirconium, cobalt, or nickel.
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